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There have long been markets in tin, cocoa, silver and the like. There used to be security in thinking that somewhere there was a product, something you could touch and see. Now there are new markets in abstractions, trade in ideas and knowledge. Everyone has knowledge but there used to be no way to trade it ------except through jobs. That simple fact of economic life was the basis for white collar employment for centuries. The whole job culture grew up because there was no alternative way to sell knowledge , other then the worker or manager providing, for a fixed price, his or her knowledge to an employer to own or control. The quantity of knowledge provided has typically been measured in time.
But today we stand at the threshold of a new era. The information economy has matured and become smarter. According to many business commentators, we are now living in a knowledge economy .There has always been a market for knowledge, of course. The publishing industry is based on it. But today the internet is making the distribution of knowledge ever easier. The days when the publisher decided what got published are over. Anyone with a PC and a modem can talk to the world. This is reducing the friction in the knowledge economy.
Everyone has knowledge of whatever industry she or he is in. say you are a computer dealer, for example. Over the years your have complied a list of the ten best lowest price places to buy wholesale computer equipment. Now you can sell your knowledge to newer, younger computer dealers who have no way to build up this knowledge without losing thousands of pounds finding it out the hard way. Until now, such knowledge remained securely locked in the recipient’s head ,accumulated and then worthlessly withered away. This no longer needs to be the case. Such knowledge can be sold via websites.
Knowledge has a distinct advantage in today’s marketplace. It’s a renewable resource. Better yet, its worth actually increases, . “knowledge is the only asset that grows with use. “ observes Scanford University Professor Paul Romer. But what exactly is knowledge and how can it be packaged to trade on an open market” “ knowledge is experiential information, intelligence applied thorough and gained from experience.” Say Josenph Pine and James Gilmore in their book The Experience Economy.
The value of knowledge often depends on variables such as time and the credibility of the seller.Certain knowledge may have a very limited shelf life. In sights concerning how to set up an internet business in one country, might be worth a fortune on one day and nothing the next , depending on changes in government policy. Markets in knowledge will be significance for one thing. They represent one of the most original uses of the web technology. In some corner of the globe there is a company wanting to source plastic widgets from Poland, and somewhere else another company that wishes to set up a plastics factory there. It’s simply a case of connecting the two.
Indicater.com is a good example of a knowledge trader. It is targeted at food service managers throughout the hospitality industry. “we started with the context rather than extracting money from suppliers. “ explains founder Mike Day. “ we offer food service professionals interactive support to increase sales and profits. People don’t want another one-dimensional site full of advertising that doesn’t help them to do their job more effectively，it has to be customised offering real solutions to real problems. “ the site’s features include access to online training and a tariff tracker to restaurants can check prices throughout the sector.
15. what point is made in the first paragraph?
A Interest in commodity markets has decreased.
B Overall levels of expertise have improved.
C Opportunities to exploit your knowledge were limited in the past
D External market forces have meant knowledge is underpriced.
16 what are we told about the current impact of the internet in the second paragraph?
A publishers benefit from their exploitation of the internet.
B the internet has made it easier to analyse business trends.
C It is difficult to calculate the true economic value of the internet.
D The internet facilitates the development of the knowledge economy.
17 In the third paragraph, what does the writer say about knowledge?
A Acquiring knowledge can be expensive
B The most valuable knowledge concerns IT
C Trading knowledge raises issues of security.
D New businesses find it hard to trade in knowledge.
18. What point is made about knowledge in the fourth paragraph?
A It provides specialist information
B Its appeal lies in its exclusivity
C it can generate new ideas
D Its value accumulates.
19 which application of knowledge does the writer regard as particularly useful?
A analyzing manufacturing trends
B introducing compatible parties
C interpreting time constraints
D advising on legislation
20 what key feature is provided by Indicater.com?
A approaches that reflect the provider’s own experience
B access to appropriately trained potential employees.
C advice which directly benefits the bottom line
D advertising which is carefully targeted
关于知识经济时代知识的重要性。有了互联网，知识也可能拿来出售。这篇文章里的knowledge，除了知识外，还可以理解成信息。
15题，问第一段的观点是什么。第一段就是简单介绍在过去，受种种条件的限制，知识不可能拿来做交易（there used to be no way to trade it），除非是通过job的形式，领取固定工资，算是知识的价钱。也就是说，过去想真正开发知识的价值的机会还是很局限的。
16题，问互联网在现阶段的影响，这题答案很明显：But today the internet is making the distribution of knowledge ever easier.互联网让知识的传播更容易了。更容易，就是D选项的facilitate。
17题，问第三段作者关于知识说了什么。第三段总的意思是说知识现在可以交易，否则只能随着时间消逝。但是这个题的四个选项没有和这个主要意思相吻合的。所以得从其他的细节方面看。答案从这个句子里找：Now you can sell your knowledge to newer, younger computer dealers who have no way to build up this knowledge without losing thousands of pounds。你现在可以把知识卖给新的、年轻的电脑交易商。除非花上数千英镑，否则他们没有办法构建这些知识。Losing thousands of pounds，需要得到某方面的知识需要花上这么多，可见获取知识是需要花钱的。选A。
18题，问第四段作者关于知识的观点是什么。这题答案也很明显。原文明确说了：its worth actually increases。价值事实上是增加的。也就是，知识的价值是积累的。选D。
19题，问作者认为知识在哪方面特别有用。这题答案在第五段后面列举的那个例子里面。这段文字最后列举这个例子之前说Markets in knowledge will be significance for one thing.从这里的significance可以看出作者认为有知识的.市场（markets in knowledge）是很重要的，也就是知识在这方面特别有用，具体这个markets in knowledge指的是什么，看后面列举的那个例子。一个公司想在波兰寻找塑料来源，另一个公司想在波兰建立塑料生产厂。这就是很简单的将两者联合起来的事情。因为两者有共同的利益，可以相容。所以这题答案选B introducing compatible parties。
20题，问这个网站提供的关键特征是什么。答案从这一句上看People don’t want another one-dimensional site full of advertising that doesn’t help them to do their job more effectively，it has to be customised offering real solutions to real problems。它必须对实际的问题提供实际的解决办法。答案选C：advice which directly benefits the bottom line。能够从根本上有利的建议。
这题很容易误选B，因为和文章最后一句很相似。越是这样的选项越是不能选。而且题目问的是key feature，最关键的特征在什么地方，也就是区别于其他不能产生实际效果的广告的地方，B只是一个feature。
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第一个是关于customer satisfaction的调查结果Report，要说明怎样进行的调查、调查结果中positive feedback和negative feedback以及解决的办法。
口试部分
Part 1 问题：
外国人来中国一般从事什么工作?
简单自我介绍：是学生还是已经工作(study or work)?(如果是学生)为什么选这个专业?Your study,your home,your future plan.
点评：回答考官问的必要信息即可，不用滔滔不绝的讲太多多余信息，有的考生还满腔激情的回答I come from ***.My home town is ***, it is a beautiful place and I like playing basketball. 给考官的印象就是：偏题，是不是没有听明白，考官可没问哦!
Part 2
招聘的时候应该怎样才能做到公平?
保持生产环境清洁的重要性是什么?
Part 3
Computer after-sales services
The importance of up-to-date job descriptions
How staff to review the job descriptions
Part 1
Can you tell me about your study and your favourate course?、
Can you tell me about your working life?、
Part 2: 三个topic
1. The importance of selecting appropriate staffs in exhibition 讨论Why companies should choose right staff to represent at exhibitions ?,
2. internet 在cut cost 中的重要性是什么?
3. The importance of quality control in work progress和health insurance
Part3:
公司将培训课程改为in-house training
讨论：
1. advantages
2. disadvantages
· Read the following article on recruiting and managing staff and the questions on the opposite page.
· Each question has four suggested answers or ways of finishing the sentence, A, B, C and D.
· Mark one letter A, B, C or D on your Answer Sheet, for the answer you choose.
As a manager in the service industry sector, I've looked at hundreds of CVs in my time. They are not necessarily the bland documents some bosses might think they are! They are full of little pointers towards individuals personalities and suitability for the job. The first thing I always look at is an applicant s employment record. I check for continuity and stability. If somebody has a long list of previous jobs, all of varying length, alarm bells start ringing. Rather than an irregular route from job to job, what I hope to see is stable career progression. What does their career path look like - is it all steps forward, or are there a lot of sideways moves? And I am always pleased to find a family person with children, because in my experience they tend to be responsible and reliable.
I never rely on CVs alone. We get applicants to fill in one of our own application forms. We ask why they've applied, what their aspirations and personal goals are, and also about their interests and hobbies and any clubs they belong to. That gives you a useful insight into their personality and lifestyle. The application form also enables us to test how much people have actually been progressing in their careers, because we ask for details of the salaries they have received for each job.
It s always worth looking at CVs and designing application forms with great care. Taking on employees might be rewarding, but it is also a big investment for any business. Mistakes in choosing staff can cost companies dear, so it makes sense to spend time ensuring you get the right person.
In the service sector, one of the aims of companies is to maintain and improve customer service, and this is achieved partly through low staff turnover. You need to take on people who understand that, and will want to stay. That s why, when you've taken staff on, the next thing is getting the best out of them.
My management style comes from the days when I took over my first business, an ailing road haulage firm which I was certain I could turn into a profitable company. The first thing is to treat others as you d like to be treated yourself. As soon as I took over the business, I talked to everybody individually, and looked for ways to make sure their particular skills benefited the company.
I didn't have much experience then of managing people, but above all I always tried to be fair and honest with everyone. As a result, I think the staff knew that and accepted my decisions, even if they didn't agree with them all. Also, bosses must be able to communicate. You also need to create team spirit, and build on the strength of the team. I explained my plans for the company to all the staff, and let them all know what I needed from them. The lorry drivers responded brilliantly, and were the key to turning the business round. They understood that we had to develop a professional reputation, and from then on the days of poor quality deliveries were over.
Lastly, I am a great believer in profit-sharing. It takes a team to make a company work, so profits should be shared by all. Job satisfaction is important, but it doesn't pay the rent. Shared profit and bonuses help to strengthen team spirit by giving everyone a common goal that they work towards together.
· Read the article below about meetings.中华考试网(www.Examw。com)
· For each question 31 - 40 write one word in CAPITAL LETTERS on your Answer Sheet.
How to make more of meetings
You should know what ends you want to achieve in a meeting before it starts and prepare for it (0)……reading any papers circulated beforehand, and carefully thinking about (31)…… you want to say. This may sound rather boring, but solid preparation is the key to successful meetings: A great (32)……of time and energy can be wasted through simple lack of planning.
The most important issues are not always given the most time in the general running of meetings. People are often unwilling (33)…… discuss important budgetary matters because they do not fully understand them, but (34)…… becomes an expert when it comes to discussing the colour of the new curtains, or what type of coffee to buy The discussion of (35)…… trivial matters as these, therefore, should be saved until the end of the meeting.
During the meeting it is essential to stick to the agenda so (36)……to avoid the common problem of repetition. At the same time you (37)…… to be sensitive to other people s ideas and feelings, and never lose your temper. Be prepared to accept (38)…… implement a suggestion that is contrary to (39)…… own ideas if it is an improvement on them; such honesty and flexibility are signs of good leadership and earn respect.
Finally, remember that when a decision is made it is important to act (40)…… it and to honour all the commitments you have made in the meeting.
PART SIX
Questions 41 - 50
· In most lines of the following text, there is one unnecessary word. It is either grammatically incorrect or does not fit in with the sense of the text.
· For each numbered line 41 - 50, find the unnecessary word and then write the word in CAPITAL LETTERS on your Answer Sheet. Some lines are correct. If a line is correct, write CORRECT on your Answer Sheet. The exercise begins with two examples (0) and (00).
· Look at the sentences below and at five passages taken from a book about famous management thinkers on the opposite page.
· Which passage does each sentence refer to?
· For each sentence 1 - 8, mark one letter A1 B, C, D or E on your Answer Sheet.
· You will need to use some of these letters more than once.
He has developed his own company to promote his work.
0 A B C D E
1 Others in his field think very highly of him.
2 His ideas have spread beyond the business world.
3 He felt that people should be able to enjoy their work.
4 His ideas are more complex than they seem.
5 He did a variety of interesting things before writing his books.
6 His most successful book was written with a colleague.
7 He is particularly skilled at forecasting important developments.
8 Contact with the military was an early influence on his thinking.
A John Adair
Adair is the pioneering British thinker in the theory of leadership. He was the first person in the UK to hold a professorship in Business Leadership and has published a series of influential books on the subject.
Despite his quiet appearance, Adair has had a colourful life, serving in a Bedouin regiment and working on an Arctic fishing boat! His initial interest in leadership came from his army experience and he used to lecture at the highly prestigious academy where British army offices are trained. He now works as an international consultant.
14.It is important for families to observe their traditions even as their children get
older.
A.notice B.watch
C.follow D.celebrate
15.It is difficult to comprehend, but everything you have ever seen, smelt, heard or
felt is merely your brain’s interpretation of incoming stimuli.
A.explanation B.evaluation
C.recognition D.interruption
16.Life is more important than the pressures and stresses that we place on
ourselves over work and other commitments.
A.appointments B.arrangements
C.obligations D.devotions
17.If you continue to indulge in computer games like this, your future will be at
stake.
A.in danger B.without question
C.on guard D.at large
18.Romantic novels, as opposed to realistic ones, tend to present idealized
versions of life, often with a happy ending.
A.in contrast to B.in regard to
C.in terms of D.in light of
19.Most people would agree that, although our age far surpasses all previous ages
in knowledge, there has been no correlative increase in wisdom.
A.improves B.precedes
C.imposes D.exceeds
20.Many students today display a disturbing willingness to choose institutions and
careers on the basis of earning potential.
A.offensive B.depressive
C.troublesome D.tiresome
英语试卷一A 第 5 页 共 17 页
So, if you are on a 74 to find Mr or Miss Right, what have you got to lose? 75 , you still go home on your own. But at best, the person of your dreams could be just three minutes away.
61.A.off B.across C.over D.through
62.A.requires B.inquires C.revolves D.involves
63.A.partners B.spouses C.friends D.counterparts 64.A.practical B.popular C.favorable D.normal
65.A.all in one B.one after one
C.one on one D.one and all
66.A.knocked B.shaken C.swung D.rung
67.A.attract B.enjoy C.chase D.fancy
68.A.down B.off C.up D.back
69.A.work on B.work out C.work at D.work up
70.A.emotion B.sentiment C.chemistry D.attachment
71.A.how B.what C.all D.where
72.A.conclusion B.reflection C.guess D.judgment
73.A.In all B.After all C.Of all D.And all
74.A.tour B.route C.direction D.mission
75.A.At last B.At first C.At worst D.At end
英语试卷一A 第 17 页 共 17 页
52.As is meant by the author, thorns of a rose .
A.protect the rose from harm
B.symbolize reduced love
C.add a new element to the image of love D.represent objects of one’s affection
53.The meaning of the love-is-a-rose metaphor is that .
A.love is a true joy
B.true love comes once in a lifetime
C.love does not last long
D.love is both good and bad experiences
54.According to the passage, poetry is intended to .
C.express poets’ ideas D.reward the senses
Passage Five
Some 23 million additional U.S. residents are expected to become more regular users of the U.S. health care system in the next several years, thanks to the passage of health care reform. Digitizing medical data has been promoted as one way to help the already burdened system manage the surge in patients. But putting people’s health information in databases and online is going to do more than simply reduce redundancies. It is already shifting the very way we seek and receive health care.
“The social dynamics of care are changing,” says John Gomez, vice president of Eclipsys, a medical information technology company. Most patients might not yet be willing to share their latest CT scan images over Facebook, he notes, but many parents post their babies’ ultrasound images, and countless patients nowadays use social networking sites to share information about conditions, treatments and doctors.
With greater access to individualized health information―whether that is through a formal electronic medical record, a self-created personal health record or a quick instant-messaging session with a physician―the traditional roles of doctors and patients are undergoing a rapid transition.
“For as long as we’ve known, health care has been ‘I go to the physician, and they tell me what to do, and I do it,’” says Nitu Kashyap, a physician and research fellow at the Yale Center for Medical Informatics. Soon more patients will be arriving at a hospital or doctor’s office having reviewed their own record, latest test results and recommended articles about their health concerns. And even more individuals will be able to skip that visit altogether, instead sending a text message or e-mail to their care
英语试卷一A 第 14 页 共 17 页
Section B
Directions: In this section, you are required to read one quoted blog and the comments on it. The biog and comments arc followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.
A fascinating new study reveals that Americans are more likely to call their children “intelligent,” while European parents focus on happiness and balance.
Here’s what one parent had to say about the intelligence of her 3-year-old, which was apparent to her from the very first moments of her life:
“I have this vivid memory, when she was born, of them taking her to clean her off... And she was looking all around... She was alert from the very first second... I took her out when she was six weeks old to a shopping mall to have her picture taken people would stop me and say, “What an alert baby.” One guy stopped me and said, “Lady, she was an intelligent baby.”
Not only are Americans far more likely to focus on their children’s intelligence and cognitive skills, they are also far less likely to describe them as “happy” or “easy” children to parent.
The U.S.’s unhealthy interest in cognitive development in the early years overlooks so much else,” the researchers told us.
Comment 1:
Probably indicates more about differences in cultural attitudes towards humility and boasting than about parenting styles. Here in the Netherlands if someone called their child “intelligent” I’d be rolling my eyes, both because it’s probably biased and overstated and because it’s just a rotten thing to draw attention to; as if it’s all about whose child is “Better”. Life isn’t that much of a damn contest to us.
Comment 2：
Agreed! That would apply in Sweden too. Parenting is more focused on the child’s well-being than social competition (there may be pressures here too, but it is not socially acceptable to express those things).
Comment 3:
I agree and I live in the U.S. Parent’s opinions of their children’s intellect are definitely biased and overstated. It is the most annoying thing to listen to. Being “advanced” at a young age has little if anything to do with their ability to learn as they get older and EVERY child is a genius if you give them a chance and an ear to listen to them. The happier the kid is, the smarter they will be. Happy and healthy is key.
41. The passage is mainly concerned with cultural differences in _____.
A. bringing up one’s children
B. describing one’s children
C. social contests
D. choosing a place to live in
42. The word “alert” (Para. 3) is closest in meaning to “_____.”
A. intelligent B. easy-going
C. quick at noticing things D. happy
43. According to Comment 1, in the Netherlands, calling one’s own child “intelligent” is_____.
A. boasting B. acceptable
C. encouraging D. reasonable
44. What nationality is the writer of Comment 2?
A. Dutch. B. American.
C. Swedish. D. French.
45. All of the following are true of Comment 3 EXCEPT that _____.
A. it agrees with all the other comments
B. being happy and healthy is important
C. being intelligent at a young age makes no sense
D. children’s intellect varies from person to person
Part IV Cloze (10 points)
Directions: In this part, there is a passage with ten blanks. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best answer for each blank and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.
Riding a bike is good exercise and great fun. But what do you do with a bike after you outgrow it? Nicole Basil, 12, has a terrific answer to this question. When she was 8 years old, she 46 Pedal Power. It is a charity that collects bikes that kids have outgrown and donates them to Chicago public schools.
Since 2008, Nicole has collected and donated more than 1,000 bikes. 47 the bicycles, Pedal Power supplied riders with 400 helmets (头盔) last year. “It is important to ride 48 on a bike, and helmets are a big part of that,” Nicole says. The Wilmette Bicycle & Sport Shop helps to 49 that all donated bikes are safe to ride. Each bike receives a five-minute 50 by the shop’s employees.
The bikes are given to students who have good grades and perfect attendance. Nicole says: “Some kids aren’t as lucky as others, 51 they still do well in school. I think they should be 52 for that.” Nicole has received e-mails and phone calls from parents and teachers that say test 53 are improving. “Bikes can take you far,” she says. “Good grades can take you even 54.”
Barton Dassinger is the principal of Cesar E. Chavez school in Chicago. Students in his school have received bikes. “It’s been a great way to 55 students to do their best,” Dassinger says. “They work hard to make it happen.”
46. A. joined B. created C. helped D. reformed
47. A. In addition to B. In honor of C. In line with D. In exchange for
48. A. safely B. happily C. freely D. quickly
49. A. insist B. accept C. remember D. ensure
50. A. look-out B. drop-out C. check-up D. line-up
51. A. and B. so C. but D. or
52. A. remembered B. rewarded C. repaid D. recommended
53. A. papers B. scores C. conditions D. methods
54. A. higher B. better C. further D. greater
55. A. require B. exploit C. entitle D. motivate
Part V Text Completion (20 points)
Directions: In this part, there are three incomplete texts with 20 questions (Ranging from 56 to 75). Above each text there are three or four phrases to be completed. First, use the choices provided in the box to complete the phrases. Second, use the completed phrases to fill in the blanks of the text. Note you should blacken the letters that indicate your answers on the Answer Sheet.
Text One
A. optimistic about
B. a need
C. a third Phrases:
A. they felt 56 for
B. most were 57 the future for women
C. less than 58 of them
In a recent survey, 55% of 3,000 Japanese women polled said they weren’t being treated equally with men at work, and 59 said they expected women’s lives to improve over the next two decades. Yet，only 26% of the women said 60 a strong and organized women’s movement. In a similar survey of American women, a much smaller 29% believed they were treated unfairly at work, 61 ，and 37% said a women’s movement was needed.
Text Two
A. up to
B. collections
C. library Phrases:
A. introduce you to our 62 facilities
B. check out 63 five books
C. houses our humanities and map 64
Welcome to the university library. This tour will 65 . First of all, the library’s collection of books, reference materials, and other resources are found on levels one to four of this building. Level one 66 . On level two, you will find our circulation desk, current periodicals and journals, and our copy facilities. Our science and engineering sections can be found on level three. Finally, group study rooms and the multimedia center are located on level four. Undergraduate students can 67 for two weeks. Graduate students can check out fifteen books for two months. Books can be renewed up to two times.
Text Three
A. to understand them
B. to think about
D. give them the most trouble Phrases:
A. identify which specific areas of pronunciation 68
B. give you some things 69
C. make it difficult for native speakers 70
D. focus on accent reduction, 71
Many ESL learners are concerned about eliminating their accents, but before you run out and spend hundreds of dollars on the latest pronunciation course, let me 72 . First, the main goal of any pronunciation course should be to 73 , which is virtually impossible. Rather, students should work on reducing areas of their pronunciation that affect comprehensibility, that is, areas of their accents that 74 . Second, with this goal in mind, students need to be able to 75 , Of course, there are universal areas of pronunciation that affect specific language groups, and reading up on these commonalities will help you.
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★ 商务英语考试考前注意事项
★ 3月英语高级口译考试笔试真题+音频+答案
★ 英语高级口译考试笔试真题
★ 二级听力真题答案
★ 小升初语文真题及答案 In the last few years, managers throughout industry have seen more changes than many of them could have expected to see in their entire working lives having to communicate information which often leads to feelings of insecurity has become a key activity. From being regarded as relatively unimportant in many companies , management employee communication has become a central corporate need.
Concordia International provides a good example of a company that has adjusted well to the changing needs for communication . since 1995 , Concordia has been turned inside-out and upside-down, to ensure that it is a marketing –led, customer-responsive business, one that looks outwards at customers and competitors, rather than inwards at its own processes and the way things were done in the past. In the last eight years, Concordia has reduced its workforce by more than 80.000 people - or 35% -on a voluntary basis, with further downsizing anticipated.
From being an engineering company, Concordia is now remaking itself as a service company. The role of employee communication in such a context is to build people’s self-confidence, to persuade them that, although it is inevitable that the changes will go ahead, they also bring with them new opportunities for employees. However, this is not an easy task. People tend to be skeptical of these claims and to feel that they are losing touch with the company they have worked for over many years. This is understandable, since many of the old certainties are being swept away , including the core activities of the company they work for. Above all , they have had to face up to the fact that they no longer have a job for life.
Research indicates that people respond to this predicament in a variety of ways. The bulk of employees fall into two main categories in terms of their response to the new situation: on the one hand there are the “ pragmatists” and on the other “ the highly anxious” the former see their job as a means to an end and have a relatively short-term perspective, with strong loyalty to their local term , rather than the company as a whole . The second category, usually the majority, may respond to threatened changes with a feeling of having been let down, and even feel anger at the company for what they see as changing the terms of their employment.
` The employee communication process needs to be capable of accurately directing its messages at a variety of employee groups and departments within the workforce . this is why middle managers and line managers are so key to communication. They are the people who know about the full rage of concerns among the workforce. The problem in the past was that this crucial area was often the responsibility of a separate, relatively isolated unit. Concordia puts responsibility for communication firmly on line managers. All their research points to the same conclusion: people prefer to get their information face-to-face from their line managers. That is the key relationship and where arguments and hearts and minds –are lost.
The general rule in company communication is to tell employees as much as you can as soon as you can. If you can’t provide details, then at least put the news in context and commit yourself to providing greater detail when it becomes available another rule of company communication is that there must be a fit between what the company is telling its employees and what it is telling its shareholders.15 In the last eight years, Concordia has
A made over 80.000 employees reduncdant
B completed a period of downsizing
C reduced its workforce of 80.000 by 35%
D given 35% of departing employees voluntary redundancy
16 From Concordia’s point of view, the role of communication is to
A win employee support before going ahead with the changes
B change the company’s core activities.
C emphasise the positive aspects of the changes
D explain the need for the changes
17 what does research show about most employees’ response to change?
A they expect it to have a bad effect on the company
B they feel completely powerless
C they become less loyal
D they fell they have been treated unfairly
18 Concordia’s communication process mainly relies on
A printed communication
B departmental heads
C personal communication
D a separate, specialized unit
19 According to the writer, what is the guiding principle about giving information within an organization?
A Never make promises about future developments
B Give people an overall view at the earliest possible stage
C always include plenty of hard information
D Hold back until all the details can be provided
20 which of the following would be the most suitable title for the article?
A employee attitudes to company communication
B making company communication more effective
C Researching company commmucation
D Making employees feel less powerless
文章取材自一本管理手册，说的是一个组织里的有效沟通问题。这套题目有些特别，不像之前的阅读的第三部分，六道题目分别依次对应文章的六个段落，这题的答案稍微分散了些。
15题，答案很明显，但是选项很有迷惑性。答案是第二段的最后一句：In the last eight years, Concordia has reduced its workforce by more than 80.000 people - or 35% -on a voluntary basis, with further downsizing anticipated.减少了80000员工(或者说减少了35%的员工)，预期还会减少更多。A选项是对的，made redundant是前面某套题目阅读的第五部分考过的词组;B不对，没有完成(completed)，因为预期还会裁减更多(with further downsizing anticipated);C也不对，迷惑性最大，reduced its workforce of 80.000，用了介词of，所以这句的意思是一共就80000员工，而实际情况是减少了80000员工;D不对，35%的员工被裁减，都是在自愿的基础上的，而不是离开的人中有35%是自愿的。
16题，问根据此人的观点，沟通的角色是什么。也就是问沟通的目的或者作用是什么。答案在第三段。沟通是为了帮助人树立自信，说服他们虽然要面临一些变化，但是同样也会拥有一些新的机会。说白了，就是鼓励这些被裁的人。答案选C，强调变化的积极方面。这里的positive aspects是对前面说的bring with them new opportunities的一个概括。(想起了电影《在云端》，up in the air，里面那个老男人的工作就是职业裁员专家，专门对被裁的人说些这样的话。)
17题，问调查显示大多数人对change的反应是什么。这题在答案中也很明显，但是选项很纠结。都有点似是而非。The second category, usually the majority, may respond to threatened changes with a feeling of having been let down.,and even feel anger at the company for what they see as changing the terms of their employment.大多数员工的反应就是很失望，甚至会很愤怒。个人觉得这题出的不够严谨，没有哪个选项能严格从原文中提炼出来。对比下D要好点，因为对公司失望和愤怒，就是觉得受到了不公正的待遇。此题有待高手补充更完美的理由。
18题，问沟通过程主要依赖于什么。答案是第五段的这句：people prefer to get their information face-to-face from their line managers。喜欢面对面的从直属经理那里获取信息。所以选C，个人的交流。
19题，问组织内部提供信息的指导准则是什么。最后一段的第一句就是：The general rule in company communication is to tell employees as much as you can as soon as you can。尽可能的快，尽可能的多。不能提供细节的，至少给个大致的背景消息(put the news in context)。时机成熟了，再告知更多。选B：在可能的最早的阶段让人有个总体的印象。
20题，给文章选标题。这种题在BEC的阅读里还真不多见。选标题，就是要挑选文章的最主要意思，从整体上把握文章的main ideas。这篇文章通篇说的就是communication，前面介绍了沟通的背景：裁员;接着说了员工对裁员的反应;然后最后两段，一段说员工喜欢什么样的沟通方式，一段说沟通的原则是什么。综合起来，就是关于怎样进行有效沟通的问题。选B。A不对，片面了，只是文中某部分的内容，并且这部分内容是为后面做背景介绍，不是主要的;C不对，不是简单的research，research仅仅是介绍状况，文章还有关于实现措施的。
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